Violent protests have erupted in Arunachal Pradesh over the proposed 11,200-megawatt Siang Upper Multipurpose Project, exposing deep divisions between local communities opposing the dam and the state government, which considers it strategically important amid concerns over China’s upstream hydropower projects.
The agitation intensified on October 23 during a bandh, when protesters allegedly set fire to an NHPC office and a police station. The violence left more than 40 police personnel injured, according to the information provided.
Adi Community Groups Fear Displacement
Opposition to the project has been led by Adi community groups and local youth, who fear the massive dam could submerge villages, displace families and cause significant environmental damage.
For many residents, the Siang River is more than a water resource. It is closely connected to their cultural identity, traditional livelihoods and community heritage. Protesters have raised concerns about the long-term consequences of the project for the region’s people and fragile ecosystem.
Government Cites Strategic and Economic Importance
The state government and supporters of the project argue that the dam could play a crucial role in flood management and electricity generation. They also view it as strategically significant amid China’s plans for a massive hydropower project on the Yarlung Tsangpo River, known as the Brahmaputra after it enters India.
The proposed Chinese project near Medog has heightened concerns in India over potential downstream impacts, including changes in water flows and flood risks.
Border Tensions Add to Regional Concerns
The protests are unfolding against the backdrop of continuing India-China border tensions. However, claims of fresh Chinese incursions circulating online have reportedly been amplified by a deepfake video that has been debunked.
The controversy highlights the challenge facing authorities: balancing infrastructure development and strategic priorities with the concerns of indigenous communities over displacement, environmental protection and their cultural connection to the Siang River.
With opposition remaining strong, the project has become a flashpoint between development ambitions and local demands for the protection of land, livelihoods and heritage.